In recent years, due to the adjustment of economic policies and the improvement of economic development situations, the employment rate of college students in Western developed countries has increased.

However, the development of mass and universalization of higher education has also led to fierce competition in the employment market for college students. As a result, the employment of college students has also appeared with new conditions and characteristics.

Although economic development and employment rates are increasing, many Western developed countries are also experiencing the phenomenon of "over-education." This occurs when education is booming and the labor market is increasing the supply of educated labor.

The labor force cannot be fully absorbed by the labor market, and the rapid growth of the number of secondary and higher education graduates begins to exceed the actual demand of the labor market.

As a result, the educated labor force is facing knowledge unemployment or taking jobs that do not match their education. Many graduates are forced to accept jobs with lower educational levels than their own.

These phenomena have become the focus of theoretical debate in developed Western countries. The average incidence of overeducation in Western countries has been estimated to be 27%, and the average incidence of undereducation is 13%.

The United States has the highest incidence of overeducation at 35%. Women are more likely to be overeducated than men, and men are more likely to be undereducated than women.

There is an increasing trend in the incidence of overeducation and a decreasing trend in the incidence of undereducation in New Zealand from 1960 to 1995, Spain from 1985 to 1990, and Portugal from 1982 to 1992.

This indicates that the expansion of education in the three countries exceeds the demand for education in the labor market. Prompted by overeducation, higher education is favored in employment.

In general, graduate students have much less employment pressure than undergraduates and relatively lower unemployment rates. The higher the level of education, the more advantageous it is for employment.

Not only are employment patterns changing, but so are people's consumption patterns. The rapid rise of the Internet has not only changed our lives but also formed the unique consumer characteristics of this era.

For example, the popularity of online payment makes it possible to go out without a wallet, and this has formed a unique "cashless" era, changing the form of payment.

The rapid development of e-commerce has allowed consumers to search for the world's best goods at home, forming the habit of online shopping consumers.

With the deep popularity of the mobile Internet, female users rely on the mobile Internet continuously. Among them, young female users aged 24 and below are prominent in terms of time spent online for more than 170 hours per month, and the number of APPs used per capita has exceeded 30.

The rise of female consumption is just in time, with rising online middle and high spending power, and young women showing a stronger willingness to spend due to the dramatic improvement in economic conditions.

The employment and consumption patterns in western developed countries have undergone significant changes in recent years. While the employment market for college students has become more competitive, overeducation has prompted higher education to be favored in employment.

Meanwhile, the rise of the Internet has transformed the way people consume goods and services, resulting in the emergence of new consumer characteristics such as online shopping and cashless payments.

The trend of female consumption is also on the rise, with young women showing a stronger willingness to spend. These changes will continue to shape the economic landscape of western developed countries in the future.